Published on: January 19, 2024 at 22:38 IST
Court: Supreme Court of India
Citation: Rafique Bibi V. Sayed Waliuddin (2004)
Honourable Supreme Court of India has held that if the court passing the decree has usurped a jurisdiction which it did not have, thus a mere wrong exercise of jurisdiction does not result in a nullity of the Decree. The lack of jurisdiction in the court passing the decree must be patent on its face in order to enable the Executing Court to take cognizance of such a nullity based on want of jurisdiction, else the normal rule that an executing court cannot go behind the decree must prevail.
7. Two things must be clearly borne in mind. Firstly, ‘the court will invalidate an order only if the right remedy is sought by the right person in the right proceedings and circumstances. The order may be ‘a nullity’ and ‘void’ but these terms have no absolute sense: their meaning is relative, depending upon the court’s willingness to grant relief in any particular situation. If this principle of illegal relativity is borne in mind, the law can be made to operate justly and reasonably in cases where the doctrine of ultra vires, rigidly applied, would produce unacceptable results.” (Administrative Law, Wade and Forsyth, 8th Edn., 2000, p. 308.) …
8. A distinction exists between a decree passed by a court having no jurisdiction and consequently being a nullity and not executable and a decree of the court which is merely illegal or not passed in accordance with the procedure laid down by law. A decree suffering from illegality or irregularity of procedure, cannot be termed inexecutable by the executing court; the remedy of a person aggrieved by such a decree is to have it set aside in a duly constituted legal proceedings or by a superior court failing which he must obey the command of the decree. A decree passed by a court of competent jurisdiction cannot be denuded of its efficacy by any collateral attack or in incidental proceedings.
Drafted By Abhijit Mishra